Stone

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Stone in architecture is a construction material which has advantages and disadvantages. Its advantages are: durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment, easy maintenance, and the fact that can be used naturally. On the other hand, its disavantages are: difficult to quarry, transport and cut, and also weak to stress forces.

There are two types of stonework. The simplest is rubble, which are stones broken in any form. The other type is ashlar masonry,which consists of regularly cut blocks. This type of stonework is stronger and more suitable for monumental architecture, for example in entablatures.

Stones have been used since the Stone Age in the construction of houses, castles, walls, monuments, forts and more. They are strong enough to provide support in monolithic columns, and some buildings that are even used for roofs. Moreover, stones are capable of maintaining well structures and serve as protection against the most adverse weather conditions. But because it is difficult to remove, transport, cut, and its weakness to stress, this was replaced with new materials such as brick, wood and steel. But even so, stone is still used for monuments, as an ornament to give a character and visual expression or to build walls. Thus stone will remain an effective material in architecture.

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